Towards a circular management of technological waste through IA, IOT y Blockchain: A systematic literature review
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Abstract
Technological waste management represents a growing environmental challenge due to the increased consumption of electrical and electronic equipment, the rapid obsolescence of devices, and the need to recover materials under circular economy principles. In this context, it is relevant to examine how emerging technologies can strengthen WEEE management processes and reduce the limitations of traditional models. The objective of this article was to analyze the synergies, barriers, and opportunities reported in the literature for the joint integration of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain in the processes of collection, classification, traceability, and recycling of technological waste. A systematic review article was developed following search, selection, and analysis criteria for recent scientific studies indexed in Scopus, organizing the evidence using an extraction matrix guided by research questions. The results showed that IoT facilitates data capture and real-time monitoring, artificial intelligence optimizes classification and decision-making, while blockchain strengthens traceability, transparency, and data integrity. However, barriers related to infrastructure, interoperability, costs, technical capabilities, and regulation remain. It is concluded that the AI-IoT-blockchain convergence offers a promising model for more efficient, traceable, and sustainable WEEE management
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