Entorno laboral, burnout y seguridad del paciente: Una revisión sistemática para el diseño de intervenciones organizacionales en hospitales de alta complejidad

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Nory Ysabel Castañeda Jiménez de Cosme
Manuel Edward Cosme Urbina
Sandra Lizzette León Luyo
Heyner Yuliano Marquez-Yauri

Resumen

El entorno laboral del personal de enfermería en hospitales de alta complejidad constituye un factor determinante para la calidad asistencial y la seguridad del paciente, especialmente en contextos caracterizados por alta demanda, sobrecarga laboral y presión organizacional. En este marco, el objetivo del presente estudio fue proponer un marco conceptual integrado y un conjunto de recomendaciones prácticas para intervenciones organizacionales destinadas a mejorar el entorno laboral, reducir el burnout y optimizar la seguridad y la calidad, con énfasis en estrategias institucionales. Para ello, se desarrolló un artículo de revisión sistemática basado en lineamientos PRISMA, que permitió la identificación, selección y síntesis de 42 estudios relevantes provenientes de bases de datos indexadas. Los resultados evidenciaron que factores como la dotación de personal, el liderazgo organizacional, el clima de seguridad y la disponibilidad de recursos influyen significativamente en el bienestar del personal y en los resultados clínicos. Asimismo, el burnout y los cuidados omitidos emergieron como mecanismos mediadores clave entre el entorno laboral y la calidad asistencial. En conclusión, la implementación de intervenciones organizacionales integrales, orientadas a fortalecer el liderazgo, optimizar el staffing y promover entornos laborales saludables, resulta fundamental para mejorar la seguridad del paciente y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de salud.

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Castañeda Jiménez de Cosme, N. Y., Cosme Urbina, M. E., León Luyo, S. L., & Marquez-Yauri, H. Y. (2026). Entorno laboral, burnout y seguridad del paciente: Una revisión sistemática para el diseño de intervenciones organizacionales en hospitales de alta complejidad. Aula Virtual., 7(14), 1297-1315. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20489707
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