Public investment in university technology and knowledge transfer: A systematic review for a multidimensional indicator framework
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Abstract
Public investment in technology at state universities is a strategic factor for strengthening scientific production and knowledge transfer, particularly in contexts where public universities play central roles in research, innovation, and territorial development. However, the literature shows a fragmented measurement of this impact, often focused on isolated indicators of funding, publications, patents, or transfer, without a multidimensional articulation capable of comprehensively assessing the results generated by public resources. The objective of this article was to propose an integrative conceptual framework of standardized indicators to measure, from a multidimensional perspective, the impact of public investment in technology on scientific production and knowledge transfer in state universities. A systematic literature review was conducted through a strategy for searching, selecting, and analyzing studies indexed in Scopus, organized according to three research questions concerning investment indicators, transfer evidence, and emerging conceptual dimensions. The results identified key indicators related to public R&D expenditure, technological infrastructure, laboratories, equipment, indexed publications, citations, patents, licenses, technological income, invention disclosures, start-ups, university-industry agreements, institutional efficiency, governance, and incentives. Barriers associated with regulation, bureaucracy, weak university-industry articulation, and limited capacity of technology transfer offices were also recognized as relevant conditions that may reduce impact and limit institutional performance. The study concludes that the impact of public investment in university technology should be assessed through a systemic approach that integrates inputs, processes, outputs, and impacts, thereby contributing to the design of public policies and university management models aimed at transforming public resources into scientific knowledge, innovation, and social value
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